ナス目

テンプレート:Short description require('Module:No globals') local TaxonItalics = require('Module:TaxonItalics') local Autotaxobox = require('Module:Autotaxobox') local ItalicTitle = require('Module:Italic title') local p = {} -- functions made public local l = {} -- nonpublic internal functions and variables global to the module l.system = -- for normal scientific classification (default)

             -- 'ichnos' for trace fossil classification
             -- 'veterovata' for egg fossil classification

-- ============================================================================= -- ichnobox implements Template:Ichnobox; see the documentation of that -- template for details. -- The only difference from Template:Automatic taxobox is in the taxobox colour -- and classification link and the parameters for type species and genera. -- =============================================================================

function p.ichnobox(frame) l.system = 'ichnos' return p.automaticTaxobox(frame) end

-- ============================================================================= -- oobox implements Template:Oobox; see the documentation of that -- template for details. -- The only difference from Template:Automatic taxobox is in the taxobox colour -- and classification link and the parameters for type species and genera. -- =============================================================================

function p.oobox(frame) l.system = 'veterovata' return p.automaticTaxobox(frame) end

-- ============================================================================= -- automaticTaxobox implements Template:Automatic taxobox; see the documentation -- of that template for details. -- It also implements Template:Ichnobox and Template:Oobox. The small -- differences are signalled by the module-wide variable l.system. -- The following parameters present in the old template code version of -- Template:Automatic taxobox were not used and have not been implemented: -- image_caption_align -- image2_caption_align -- binomial2 -- binomial2_authority -- binomial3 -- binomial3_authority -- binomial4 -- binomial4_authority -- =============================================================================

function p.automaticTaxobox(frame) local args if frame.args['direct'] == 'yes' then args = frame.args else args = frame:getParent().args end local res = -- --------------------------------------------------------------------- -- pick up taxobox parameters from the caller that need to be processed; -- most will be passed on unchanged -- --------------------------------------------------------------------- local pagename = args['pagename'] or -- for testing and debugging only local italicTitle = args['italic_title'] or args['italic title'] or local ichnos = if l.system == 'ichnos' then ichnos = 'true' end local veterovata = if l.system == 'veterovata' then veterovata = 'true' end local fossilRange = args['fossil_range'] or args['fossil range'] or args['temporal_range'] or args['temporal range'] or

   local oldestFossil = args['oldest_fossil'] or args['oldest fossil'] or 
   local youngestFossil =  args['youngest_fossil'] or args['youngest fossil'] or 

local name = args['name'] or local colourAs = args['color_as'] or args['color as'] or args['colour_as'] or args['colour as'] or local taxon = args['taxon'] or local authority = args['authority'] or

   local parentAuthority = args['parent_authority'] or args['parent authority'] or 

local subdivision = args['subdivision'] or local subdivisionRef = args['subdivision_ref'] or args['subdivision ref'] or local subdivisionRanks = args['subdivision_ranks'] or args['subdivision ranks'] or local manualFlag = 'text' -- marks manually specified ranks local binomial = args['binomial'] or args['binomial_'..manualFlag] or args['binomial '..manualFlag] or local binomialAuthority = args['binomial_authority'] or args['binomial authority'] or local genusManual = args['genus_'..manualFlag] or args['genus '..manualFlag] or local speciesManual = args['species_'..manualFlag] or args['species '..manualFlag] or -- ------------------------------------------------------ -- set the taxobox parameters determined by this function -- ------------------------------------------------------

   fossilRange = l.setfossilRange(frame, fossilRange, oldestFossil, youngestFossil)

-- use the base page name as the taxon if the taxon parameter is missing local currentPagename = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() if pagename == then pagename = currentPagename.text end -- pagename para only used in testing and local basePagename = pagename if italicTitle ~= 'taxon' then basePagename = mw.ustring.gsub(basePagename, '%s+%b()$', , 1) end local taxonParaMissingError = false if taxon == then taxonParaMissingError = true taxon = basePagename end -- decide if the page name and taxobox name need to be italicized; -- if italic_title is not set, then if the names are the taxon, use its rank to decide local ok, taxonRank = Autotaxobox.getTaxonInfoItem(frame, taxon, 'rank') -- taxonRank needed later if not here if italicTitle == then if not (ok and taxonRank ~= and frame:expandTemplate{ title = 'Is italic taxon', args = {taxonRank} } == 'yes') then italicTitle = 'no' end end -- remove any " (DISAMBIG)" or "/MODIFIER" from the taxon's name; -- if the base page name is the same as the base taxon name, then italicization can be applied local baseTaxon = taxon if italicTitle ~= 'taxon' then baseTaxon = mw.ustring.gsub(baseTaxon, '%s+%b()$', , 1) end baseTaxon = mw.ustring.gsub(baseTaxon, '/.*$', , 1) if italicTitle == and basePagename == baseTaxon then italicTitle = 'yes' end -- italicize the page name (page title) if required if currentPagename.namespace == 0 and (italicTitle == 'yes' or italicTitle == 'taxon') then if italicTitle == 'taxon' or TaxonItalics.hasConnectingTerm(baseTaxon) then res = res .. frame:expandTemplate{ title = 'Italic taxon title', args = {} } italicTitle = 'yes' else ItalicTitle._main({}) end end -- set the taxobox name if not supplied, italicizing it if appropriate. if name == then name = basePagename if italicTitle == 'yes' then name = TaxonItalics.italicizeTaxonName(name, false, false) end -- name = name .. '/' .. baseTaxon .. '/' .. nameRank end -- determine taxobox colour local colour = if colourAs ~= then colour = frame:expandTemplate{ title = 'Taxobox colour', args = {colourAs} } elseif l.system == 'ichnos' then colour = frame:expandTemplate{ title = 'Taxobox colour', args = {'Ichnos'} } elseif l.system == 'veterovata' then colour = frame:expandTemplate{ title = 'Taxobox colour', args = {'Veterovata'} } else colour = Autotaxobox.getTaxoboxColour(frame, taxon) end -- fill in a missing subdivision_ranks parameter if subdivision ~= and subdivisionRanks == and ok and taxonRank ~= then subdivisionRanks = frame:expandTemplate{ title = 'Children rank', args = {taxonRank} } end -- set binomial parameters if the target taxon is (unusually) a species local genusAuthority = if binomial == then if ok and taxonRank == 'species' then binomial = TaxonItalics.italicizeTaxonName(taxon, false, false) binomialAuthority = authority end end -- handle any manually set ranks local boldFirst = local offset = 0 if speciesManual ~= then offset = offset + 1 binomialAuthority = authority if binomial == then binomial = '' end end if genusManual ~= then boldFirst = 'link' offset = offset + 1 if offset == 1 then genusAuthority = authority else genusAuthority = parentAuthority end end -- process type genus and type species if present; italicize if they seem not to have an authority attached local typeGenus = local typeGenusAuthority = local typeSpecies = local typeSpeciesAuthority = local typeIchnogenus = local typeIchnogenusAuthority = local typeIchnospecies = local typeIchnospeciesAuthority = local typeOogenus = local typeOogenusAuthority = local typeOospecies = local typeOospeciesAuthority = if l.system == then typeGenus = l.italicizeTypeName(args['type_genus'] or args['type genus'] or ) typeGenusAuthority = args['type_genus_authority'] or args['type genus authority'] or typeSpecies = l.italicizeTypeName(args['type_species'] or args['type species'] or ) typeSpeciesAuthority = args['type_species_authority'] or args['type species authority'] or elseif l.system == 'ichnos' then typeIchnogenus = l.italicizeTypeName(args['type_ichnogenus'] or args['type ichnogenus'] or ) typeIchnogenusAuthority = args['type_ichnogenus_authority'] or args['type ichnogenus authority'] or typeIchnospecies = l.italicizeTypeName(args['type_ichnospecies'] or args['type ichnospecies'] or ) typeIchnospeciesAuthority = args['type_ichnospecies_authority'] or args['type ichnospecies authority'] or elseif l.system == 'veterovata' then typeOogenus = l.italicizeTypeName(args['type_oogenus'] or args['type oogenus'] or ) typeOogenusAuthority = args['type_oogenus_authority'] or args['type oogenus authority'] or typeOospecies = l.italicizeTypeName(args['type_oospecies'] or args['type oospecies'] or ) typeOospeciesAuthority = args['type_oospecies_authority'] or args['type oospecies authority'] or end -- ------------------------------------------------ -- now call Taxobox/core with all of its parameters -- ------------------------------------------------ res = res .. frame:expandTemplate{ title = 'Taxobox/core', args = { ichnos = ichnos, veterovata = veterovata, ['edit link'] = 'e', temporal_range = fossilRange, display_taxa = args['display_parents'] or args['display parents'] or '1', parent = taxon, authority = authority,

         parent_authority = parentAuthority,

grandparent_authority = args['grandparent_authority'] or args['grandparent authority'] or , greatgrandparent_authority = args['greatgrandparent_authority'] or args['greatgrandparent authority'] or , greatgreatgrandparent_authority = args['greatgreatgrandparent_authority'] or args['greatgreatgrandparent authority'] or , name = name, colour = colour, status = args['status'] or , status_system = args['status_system'] or args['status system'] or , status_ref = args['status_ref'] or args['status ref'] or , status2 = args['status2'] or , status2_system = args['status2_system'] or args['status2 system'] or , status2_ref = args['status2_ref'] or args['status2 ref'] or , trend = args['trend'] or , extinct = args['extinct'] or , image = args['image'] or , upright = args['image_upright'] or args['image upright'] or , image_alt = args['image_alt'] or args['image alt'] or , image_caption = args['image_caption'] or args['image caption'] or , image2 = args['image2'] or , upright2 = args['image2_upright'] or args['image2 upright'] or , image2_alt = args['image2_alt'] or args['image2 alt'] or , image2_caption = args['image2_caption'] or args['image2 caption'] or , classification_status = args['classification_status'] or args['classification status'] or , diversity = args['diversity'] or , diversity_ref = args['diversity_ref'] or args['diversity ref'] or , diversity_link = args['diversity_link'] or args['diversity link'] or , bold_first = boldFirst, offset = offset, genus = genusManual, genus_authority = genusAuthority, species = speciesManual, binomial = binomial, binomial_authority = binomialAuthority, trinomial = args['trinomial'] or , trinomial_authority = args['trinomial_authority'] or args['trinomial authority'] or , type_genus = typeGenus, type_genus_authority = typeGenusAuthority, type_species = typeSpecies, type_species_authority = typeSpeciesAuthority, type_ichnogenus = typeIchnogenus, type_ichnogenus_authority = typeIchnogenusAuthority, type_ichnospecies = typeIchnospecies, type_ichnospecies_authority = typeIchnospeciesAuthority, type_oogenus = typeOogenus, type_oogenus_authority = typeOogenusAuthority, type_oospecies = typeOospecies, type_oospecies_authority = typeOospeciesAuthority, subdivision = subdivision, subdivision_ref = subdivisionRef, subdivision_ranks = subdivisionRanks, type_strain = args['type_strain'] or args['type strain'] or , range_map = args['range_map'] or args['range map'] or , range_map_upright = args['range_map_upright'] or args['range map upright'] or , range_map_alt = args['range_map_alt'] or args['range map alt'] or , range_map_caption = args['range_map_caption'] or args['range map caption'] or , range_map2 = args['range_map2'] or args['range map2'] or , range_map2_upright = args['range_map2_upright'] or args['range map2 upright'] or , range_map2_alt = args['range_map2_alt'] or args['range map2 alt'] or , range_map2_caption = args['range_map2_caption'] or args['range map2 caption'] or , range_map3 = args['range_map3'] or args['range map3'] or , range_map3_upright = args['range_map3_upright'] or args['range map3 upright'] or , range_map3_alt = args['range_map3_alt'] or args['range map3 alt'] or , range_map3_caption = args['range_map3_caption'] or args['range map3 caption'] or , range_map4 = args['range_map4'] or args['range map4'] or , range_map4_upright = args['range_map4_upright'] or args['range map4 upright'] or , range_map4_alt = args['range_map4_alt'] or args['range map4 alt'] or , range_map4_caption = args['range_map4_caption'] or args['range map4 caption'] or , synonyms_ref = args['synonyms_ref'] or args['synonyms ref'] or , synonyms = args['synonyms'] or } } -- put page in error-tracking categories if required local errCat1 = if genusManual ~= or speciesManual ~= or binomial ~= then errCat1 = end local errCat2 = if taxonParaMissingError then errCat2 = end res = res .. frame:expandTemplate{ title = 'Main other', args = {errCat1..errCat2} } return res end

-- ============================================================================= -- l.setfossilRange(frame, fossilRange, oldestFossil, youngestFossil) checks -- the parameters that determine the fossil range, returning an appropriate -- range. -- ============================================================================= -- temporary public function for debugging function p.chkFossilRange(frame) local args = frame.args local fossilRange = args['temporal_range'] or args['temporal range'] or args['fossil_range'] or args['fossil range'] or

   local oldestFossil = args['oldest_fossil'] or args['oldest fossil'] or 
   local youngestFossil =  args['youngest_fossil'] or args['youngest fossil'] or 
   local fossilRange = l.setfossilRange(frame, fossilRange, oldestFossil, youngestFossil)

return fossilRange end

function l.setfossilRange(frame, fossilRange, oldestFossil, youngestFossil) local res = if fossilRange ~= then if mw.ustring.find(frame:expandTemplate{ title = 'Period start', args = { fossilRange } }, '[Ee]rror') then res = fossilRange else res = frame:expandTemplate{ title = 'Geological range', args = { fossilRange } } end elseif oldestFossil ~= then if youngestFossil == then youngestFossil = 'Recent' end if mw.ustring.find(frame:expandTemplate{ title = 'Period start', args = { oldestFossil } }, '[Ee]rror') or mw.ustring.find(frame:expandTemplate{ title = 'Period start', args = { youngestFossil } }, '[Ee]rror') then res = oldestFossil..'–'..youngestFossil else res = frame:expandTemplate{ title = 'Geological range', args = { oldestFossil, youngestFossil } } end end return res end

-- ============================================================================= -- l.italicizeTypeName(typeName) checks whether the name of a type genus or -- species should be italicized, because it appears to be a bare name. -- =============================================================================

function l.italicizeTypeName(typeName) if typeName and not (string.find(typeName, "<", 1, true) or string.find(typeName, ">", 1, true)) then typeName = TaxonItalics.italicizeTaxonName(typeName, false, false) end return typeName end

-- **************************** Speciesbox support *****************************

-- ============================================================================= -- l.genusOf(str) extracts the genus from a string. Normally this will be the -- first word of the string (e.g. given 'Bellis perennis' it returns 'Bellis'). -- It also handles a string containing a nothogenus with a spaced × (e.g. given -- '× Heucherella tiarelloides' it returns '× Heucherella'). -- =============================================================================

function l.genusOf(str) local res = mw.ustring.match(str, '^[^%s]*', 1) if res == mw.ustring.char(215) then res = res .. ' ' .. mw.ustring.match(str, '^[^%s]*', 3) end return res end

-- ============================================================================= -- l.doSpeciesboxName(name, taxon, genus, species, basePageTitle, italicTitle) -- returns a name for a taxobox created by Template:Speciesbox. The name will be -- italicized if appropriate. It also generates code to italicize the page title -- if appropropriate. In both cases the test for italicization is that the base -- taxon name (stripped of any disambiguation or qualifier) is the same as the -- base page title. -- =============================================================================

function p.speciesboxName(frame) local name = frame.args[1] or local taxon = frame.args[2] or local genus = frame.args[3] or local species = frame.args[4] or local basePageTitle = frame.args[5] or local italicTitle = frame.args[6] or return l.doSpeciesboxName(name, taxon, genus, species, basePageTitle, italicTitle) end

function l.doSpeciesboxName(name, taxon, genus, species, basePageTitle, italicTitle) if taxon ~= then genus = mw.ustring.gsub(l.genusOf(taxon), '/.*$', , 1) -- strip any qualifier else genus = mw.ustring.gsub(mw.ustring.gsub(genus, '%s+%b()$', , 1), '/.*$', , 1) -- strip any disambig and qualifier if species == then taxon = genus else taxon = genus .. ' ' .. species end end local italicizeP = italicTitle ~= 'no' and (basePageTitle == taxon or basePageTitle == genus) if name == then name = basePageTitle if italicizeP then name = TaxonItalics.italicizeTaxonName(name, false, false) end end if italicizeP then if italicTitle ~= 'test' then ItalicTitle._main({}) else name = name .. '\\Italic title\\' -- for testing and debugging end end return name end

return p ナス目（Solanales：ソラナレス）は、双子葉植物のアステロイドグループに含まれる顕花植物の目である。 古い文献では、ポレモニアレス（Polemoniales）という名前で呼ばれていたこともある。

植物の特徴

木質系と草質系の植物があります。 葉は通常互生し、花はほとんどがアクチノモルフ（放射状の対称性を示す花）で、少数の分類群ではザイゴモルフ（左右対称の花）が例外となっている。 熟した果実には萼片が残っているのが特徴です。

多くの分類群にはアルカロイドが存在し、その多くがトロパンアルカロイドを含みます。

食用植物

最も重要な科は、ナス科とヒルガオ科です。

ナス科

ジャガイモ、トマト、ナス、ピーマン、トウガラシ、タバコ、トマティーヨ、食用ホオズキ、タマリロ、ナランジラ、ペピーノ、ココナ、エチオピアナス、ジロ、ロベイラ、タランブロ、クコ、ヤルトマタ、カニバルズ・トマト、ブッシュトマト、スズメナスビ、ガーデン・ハックルベリー、イヌホオズキ

ヒルガオ科

サツマイモ、空芯菜、ヒルガオ自体も食用となります。

分類学

分類上のグループ分けは、含まれる種の形態が非常に多様であることから、基本的には分子生物学的特徴に基づく系統学的基準に基づいています。 しかし、ナスの花の構造の主な特徴は、5枚の花びらが一体となった両性花の存在であり、色、質感、大きさ、形が互いに大きく異なる2つの不稔性の縦列を示しています。 花の対称性はアクチノモルフ（放射状の対称性を示す花）、または少数がザイゴモルフ（左右対称の花）です。 葉は一般的に互生または対生で、葉茎は内生タイプです。 果実はほとんどが液果であるが、円錐形のものや、横または縦に裂け目のある莢果もある。 種子はほとんどが線形、球形または連形で殻は滑らかである。

内部分類学

APG体系（IV）によって割り当てられた分類学上の見地では、ナス目は以下の5科で構成されています。

ナス目（Solanales）	ナス科（Solanaceae）約100属2,500種（旧ノラナ科を含む）  ヒルガオ科（Convolvulaceae）約60属1,600種  モンティニア科（Montiniaceae）3属5種  セイロンハコベ科（Hydroleaceae）1属12種（旧ハゼリソウ科の一部）  ナガボノウルシ科（Sphenocleaceae）1属2種

外部分類学

ナス目は、キク類（Asterids）の姉妹グループであるシソ類（lamiids）内の「Euasteridae I」にあります。

ドイツの植物学者アドルフ・エングラーの分類学である「エングラー体系」を基に、助手であったハンス・メルヒオールが新たに定義した「新エングラー体系」では、ナス科はシソ目に含まれているため、ナス目という名称は使われていません。

キク類（Asterids）	ミズキ目（Cornales）  ツツジ目（Ericales）  真正キク類（Euasterids）  キキョウ類（Campanulids）  モチノキ目（Aquifoliales）  キク目（Asterales）  エスカロニア目（Escalloniales）  ブルニア目（Bruniales）  セリ目（Apiales）  マツムシソウ目（Dipsacales）  パラクリフィア目（Paracryphiales）  シソ類（lamiids）  クロタキカズラ目（Icacinales）  メッテニウサ目（Metteniusales）  ガリア目（Garryales）  ムラサキ目（Boraginales）  リンドウ目（Gentianales）  ヴァーリア目（Vahliales）  シソ目（Lamiales）  ナス目（Solanales）

関連項目

• ナス科
• ナス属
• トマト属

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